This is our original DNA molecule we built. Each side has four nucleotides, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group.

In order for a cell to make proteins, the DNA- or more specifically, the part of DNA that has the plan to make proteins- needs to somehow be transferred to the ribosome of a cell. DNA however, cannot leave the nucleus. So, a certain type of messenger RNA called RNA polymerase enters the nucleus, and separates the part of DNA with the protein plan, as shown above.

   Finally, the RNA polymerase adds complementary RNA nucleotides to the side of the DNA with the protein plan. Once this is completed, the complementary RNA nucleotide strand is transported back to the ribosome in order to make proteins. The DNA closes back up again, and all proceeds as normal.